Yenziwe ngantoni iplastiki?Ngaba inetyhefu?

Yenziwe ngantoni iplastiki?

Iplastiki yinto eqhelekileyo yokwenziwa, eyaziwa ngokuba yiplastiki.Yenziwe ngeekhompawundi zepolymer ngokusabela kwepolymerization, kwaye ineplastiki kunye nokuqhubekeka.Iiplastiki zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo, ezifana nokupakishwa, ukwakhiwa, iimoto, i-electronics njalo njalo.

Izinto eziphambili zeplastiki ziyi-polymers, ezona ziqhelekileyo ziyi-polyethylene (PE), i-polypropylene (PP), i-polyvinyl chloride (PVC), i-polystyrene (PS) kunye nokunye.Izinto ezahlukeneyo zeplastiki zineempawu ezahlukeneyo kunye nokusetyenziswa.Ngokomzekelo, i-polyethylene inokuqina okulungileyo kunye nokuxhathisa ukubola, kwaye isoloko isetyenziselwa ukwenza izikhwama zeplastiki kunye nezikhongozeli;I-PVC inokumelana nemozulu elungileyo kunye neempawu zokugquma, kwaye isoloko isetyenziselwa ukwenza imibhobho kunye neentambo zocingo.

Ngaba iplastiki inetyhefu?

Umbuzo wokuba ingaba iplastiki iyityhefu kufuneka ihlolwe ngokwezinto ezithile zeplastiki.Ngokuqhelekileyo, izinto ezininzi zeplastiki zikhuselekile kwaye azinabungozi phantsi kweemeko eziqhelekileyo zokusetyenziswa.Nangona kunjalo, ezinye izinto zeplastiki zinokuba neekhemikhali eziyingozi empilweni yabantu, njenge-Phthalates kunye ne-bisphenol A (BPA).Ezi khemikhali zinokuba nefuthe kwinkqubo ye-endocrine yomzimba kunye nenkqubo yokuzala.

Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukhuseleko lweemveliso zeplastiki, amazwe amaninzi kunye nemimandla baye baqulunqa imigaqo efanelekileyo kunye nemigangatho yokunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwezinto ezinobungozi.Umzekelo, i-European Union iye yaqulunqa imigaqo ye-REACH kwizinto zeplastiki, kwaye i-FDA yase-United States iqulunqe imigangatho kwizinto zoqhagamshelwano zokutya.Le migaqo kunye nemigangatho ifuna ukuba abavelisi beplastiki balawule umxholo wezinto ezinobungozi kwinkqubo yokuvelisa kwaye baqhube uvavanyo olufanelekileyo kunye nokuqinisekiswa.

Ukongeza, ukusetyenziswa ngokuchanekileyo kunye nokulahlwa kweemveliso zeplastiki kukwayinto ebalulekileyo yokuqinisekisa ukhuseleko.Umzekelo, kuphephe ukubeka ukutya okushushu okanye ulwelo ekudibaneni ngokuthe ngqo nezikhongozeli zeplastiki ukuthintela ukufuduka kwezinto eziyingozi;Kuphephe ukuhlala ixesha elide elangeni ukuthintela ukuguga kweplastiki kunye nokukhutshwa kwezinto eziyingozi.

Ukushwankathela, iplastiki yinto eqhelekileyo yokwenziwa, eyenziwe kwiipolymers.Uninzi lwezixhobo zeplastiki zikhuselekile kwaye azinabungozi phantsi kweemeko eziqhelekileyo zokusetyenziswa, kodwa ezinye izinto zeplastiki zinokuba neekhemikhali eziyingozi kwimpilo yabantu.Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukhuseleko lweemveliso zeplastiki, kuyimfuneko ukuthobela imigaqo efanelekileyo kunye nemigangatho, kunye nokusetyenziswa okuchanekileyo kunye nokulahlwa kweemveliso zeplastiki.